نشریه پژوهش توانبخشی در پرستاری
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، بهار 1401)

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis. Fatigue reduces the various motor, sensory and psychological functions of the patients and is the source of problems in performing daily activities in their lives. Due to the Covide-19 pandemic, rehabilitation nurses should adopt coherent programs that are appropriate for the available facilities for these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of telerehabilitation cares on the fatigue of patients with multiple sclerosis.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study in two groups. Participants included of 36 patients referred to the Iranian MS Association in 2021 who were selected by available methods based on inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included of a demographic information form and a standard questionnaire for measuring the severity of fatigue, which was completed by both intervention and control groups. In addition to routine cares, the intervention group also received telerehabilitation cares. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26.

The results of this study showed that, although the mean of fatigue scores in the intervention group changed from 4.383 to 4.765, but there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.450). Also, the mean of this score in the control group changed from 4.963 to 4.475 after the intervention.

The findings of this study revealed that telerehabilitation cares and effective training are not effective to reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, to reduce this common problem, rehabilitation nurses should apply programs that are more effective and consistent with the available facilities for these patients.

Lack of balance control and falling in the elderly is one of the most important causes of injury and in some cases even causes death. Finding better ways to control posture is scientifically important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using knee braces on postural control of the elderly in both medio -external and anterior-posterior directions during walking.

The present research was a quasi-experimental and laboratory study. The statistical sample of this study included 15 women (mean age 66 years, height 160 cm, weight 74 kg and BMI 28 kg / m2) and 15 men (mean age 69 years, height 175 cm, weight 81 Kg and BMI 27 kg / m2). The intervention used in this study was a type of brace by restricting the movements of Flexion (extension) and Extension (opening) or supporting the knee. The Bertec force plate (Bertec Corporation, Columbus, OH) was used to record the pressure center.

The effect of group factor on the amount of maximum displacement of the pressure center was significant (P <0.05). Also, the effect of brace factor on the amplitude of pressure center changes in the anterior-posterior direction was significant (p = 0.018). Moreover, the maximum amount of displacement of the center of pressure (COPMax) in the medio -external direction during walking with braces compared to walking without braces was 32.75%. 

In general, the values of center of pressure displacement are different in the two groups of men and women. However, braces have a similar effect on both men and women and increases the displacement of the pressure center.

Mothers as a family member are more affected by a child with autism than other family members and react differently to this disorder. Therefore, this study was formed to study the coping reactions of mothers of children with autism
Materials &

This research was conducted using a qualitative method of conventional content analysis. Participants included 33 mothers of children with autism with an average age of 7 years in Yazd province (Iran). These individuals were selected by purposive sampling method and then interviewed in a semi-structured interview session. Sampling continued until data and classes were saturated. First, the text of the existing interviews was studied and the content was analyzed word for word and sentence by sentence. By extracting the categories and markers in the text, an attempt was made to achieve the desired answer to the main research question by describing the opinions of the interviewees. Data were analyzed by inductive method. This process involves open coding, creating classes, and abstraction. Each category was named using words representing the content. Similar subclasses were grouped together as a class and classes were grouped together as main classes.

The main categories of research included "two-way adaptation / non-compliance", "self-care" and "child-centered care". The two-way confrontation of conformity / non-conformity included two subcategories entitled "expression of positive emotions and conformity" and "expression of negative emotions and non-conformity". Self-care included the categories of "individual development", "objective care burden", "mental care burden" and "experience transfer". Child-centered care was also classified as "social care", "educational care", "medical care" and "environmental care".

Most mothers' first reaction was to express negative emotions, but some mothers have adapted to positive reactions. Mothers have both taken care of the child and taken care of themselves using a set of targeted actions. They increase their awareness and knowledge in order to take care of themselves and help their children, and try to improve their physical and mental health by participating in social and sport activities.

Introduction and

Children with special learning disability of dictation often have low self-efficacy, which is mainly due to academic failure and difficult perception. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention on learned helplessness of students with special learning disabilities (dictation).

The research method in this quasi-experimental study was pre-test-post-test with two educational and control groups. The statistical population included all students with special dictation disorders in elementary school in the Center for Empowerment of the Mind in Tehran (Iran) in the academic year 1399-1400. Among them, 30 male students with special learning disabilities (dictation) were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and by available sampling method and then were randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants. Cognitive behavioral therapy intervention was performed 2 sessions (90 minutes) per week for a month and a half during 6 weeks (12 sessions). The research instrument included the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (LHS). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance

Findings demonstrated that cognitive behavior therapy intervention had a significant effect on the learned helplessness of students with special learning disabilities (dictation) (P <0.05).

According to the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention can reduce the learned helplessness of students with special learning disabilities (dictation). Therefore, educational centers, psychological services and counseling can use this method to improve the learned helplessness of students with special learning disabilities (dictation).

Mastectomy plays an important role in reducing mental health, and mastectomized patients with depression commonly have low hopes and high psychological distress. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training and positive mindset training on hope and psychological distress of mastectomized patients with depression.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The study population was mastectomized patients with depression who were referred to counseling centers and clinics and psychological services in Ahvaz city (Iran) between March-September of 2021. A total of 45 patients were selected by purposive sampling method according to the inclusion criteria and then randomly assigned to three equal groups. Each experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions per week) of cognitive rehabilitation and positive mindfulness trainings. But the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. Data were collected using Beck et al. Depression Inventory, Snyder et al.'s Questionnaire and Kessler et al.'s Psychological Distress Questionnaire and analyzed by Chi-square, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-19 software.

The results showed that the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of education, age and last time after mastectomy (P> 0.05). Also, both intervention methods increased hope and decreased psychological distress in mastectomized patients with depression compared to the control group (P <0.001), but there was no significant difference between intervention methods in increasing hope and reducing psychological distress.

The results were indicated on the effectiveness of both intervention methods and the lack of significant differences between them in increasing hope and reducing psychological distress. Therefore, therapists and health and rehabilitation specialists can use both these methods to improve health-related features, especially hope and psychological distresses.

Anxiety and decreased nervousness tolerance are among the main problems of coronary heart disease patients that can make negative physiological and psychological consequences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety and distress tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease.

In a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group with follow-up period, from the statistical population that included of all patients with coronary artery disease referred to the specialized center of Shahid Lavasani Hospital in Tehran in the summer of 2021, 30 volunteers were selected by purposive sampling and then randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included Beck et al.'s (1988) Anxiety Inventory and Simmons and Gaher (2005) Anxiety Behavior Questionnaires, which were administered to both groups as pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Alice and Beck cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in ten 90-minute sessions for the experimental group, but the control group received the usual treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS software version 16 at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test in anxiety variables (p <0.001) and anxiety tolerance components (p <0.001). Also, the results were stable in the follow-up period (p <0.001).

According to the results, cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing anxiety tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, it can be used as a complementary treatment along with medical methods to improve the psychological status (reduce anxiety and increase distress tolerance) in patients with coronary heart disease.

Thalassemia major is one of the most common genetic diseases in humans that causes many problems for the patient, family and health system. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of empowerment program on the knowledge and family performance of children with thalassemia major referred to the Special Patients Center of Birjand city (Iran) in 2016.

In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, 60 mothers of children under 15 years of age with thalassemia major referred to the Special Patients Center of Birjand in 2016, which met the criteria for inclusion were selected by available sampling method and then randomly divided into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. For the mothers of the experimental group, an intervention including the implementation of the empowerment model based on the steps introduced in the model was performed in 3-5 sessions as a group discussion and also using pamphlets and slides about the disease and the mothers of the control group did not receive any intervention. Researcher-made knowledge and practice questionnaires were used to collect data, which were completed by mothers of both groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon at a significant level of p≤0.05.

The results demonstrated that the mean score of knowledge and practice before the intervention in mothers of the experimental and control groups were not significantly different (p> 0.05). But was higher after the intervention in the mothers in the experimental group than the control group (p <0.01). In the experimental group, the mean score of knowledge and practice after the intervention increased significantly compared to before of intervention (p <0.05). But in the control group, no significant difference was observed in the score before and after the intervention. The mean changes in knowledge and performance scores in mothers in the experimental group were significantly higher than controls (p <0.01).

According to the results, it can be said that the implementation of the empowerment model is one of the most important approaches to increase the awareness and practice of mothers of children with thalassemia major and leads to better and more efficient care and overall improvement in the lives of these patients.

Having the right perception of the disease can affect the patient's compliance with his or her illness and self-care behaviors by increasing compliance with care instructions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on disease perception and self-care behaviors of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest and follow-up. From the statistical population that included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to the specialized and sub-specialized center of Milad Hospital (Tehran-Iran) between March to September 2021, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental and 15 Control group) were included. The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of metacognitive therapy by Wells and Colbir (2012), but the control group received routine treatment. Data collection tools were Bradbent et al.'s (2006) Perception of Disease Questionnaire and Cohen et al.'s (1991) Self-Care Behaviors Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and analysis of variance with repeated measures between groups at the significance level of α = 0.05.

The results showed that metacognitive therapy was effective in improving disease perception (p <0.01) and increasing self-care behaviors (p <0.01) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and these results continued in the follow-up period (p <0.01).

The results were indicated on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on improving the illness perception and increasing the self-care behaviors of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and its continuity of effectiveness. Therefore, therapists and health professionals can use metacognitive therapy along with other treatments to improve the characteristics of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, especially to improve the perception of the illness and increasing the self-care behaviors.